Lake Taal is the result of a massive volcanic eruption many years ago and displays some fascinating properties. The lake stores energy like a fuel cell.
Now, the fuel cell produces and exploits its proton gradient artificially. But there are places on earth where that gradient occurs completely naturally.
A final word from five of the contributors. What Happened Before the Big Bang. A thought provoking, fascinating journey through time and space.
The above paragraph may be meaningless if time and space do <b<NOT exist as we understand it.
Laura Mersini-Houghton believes that the entire Universe can be represented, mathematically, as a waveform and manipulated using string theory.
As far as I know it’s one of the few theories that everything is derived from first principles and fundamental physics.
Professor Lee Smolin believes in the continual collapse of universes that spawn the creation of following generations. A form of Cosmic Evolution.
It is a beguilingly simple, and controversial combination of two of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of the modern age.
Professor Neil Turok and his team have created a complex multi-dimensional model to explain their theories of the beginning.
For many cosmologists, this is mathematical sleight of hand, and an unwelcome distraction to the serious business of improving on the tried and tested.
Our Universe was not created at the Big Bang, rather the Big Bang was the explosion of a previously imploding universe. A Bouncing Universe.
The problem of the Big Bang. infinities are swept away by the new “repulsive” gravity. The point of “everything is nothing” is never reached.
The exponentially expanding universe will reach a size where there is little left except photons. Looking back the end universe may another beginning.
But in science, ideas are just ideas until they are confirmed or denied by observations. And because the pre-Big Bang ideas are so radical, the race to back them up is intense.
It is believed that Gravity Waves are produced by cataclysmic events such as the Big Bang and the Low-Frequency Array in Louisiana can detect these.
LIGO is a hugely precise interferometer that can measure incredibly tiny changes if gravity waves indicating the existence of previous cosmic events.
Horizon explores the science of the Big Bang. What existed before it, and did it happen at all? Some of the greatest scientific minds ponder this question.
Did the laws of nature and of physics materialise from nothing more than energy in the vacuum of space?
Energy that exists within a vacuum can form matter. One theory, of many, that might explain the Big Bang. But it’s too arbitrary for Professor Neil Turok.
Big bang was clearly a very special explosion. Ordinary explosions are messy. This one produced a universe that wasn’t messy at all. Our universe is “smooth” – it looks more or less the same in every direction.
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